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ISRAEL PARATROOPER WINGS BADGE W/ORIGINAL RED BACKGROUND MITLA PASS 1956 IDF. For sale, rare paratrooper wings with the original red background was given in February 1957 by General Moshe Dayan to the paratroopers that were deployed behind enemy lines to the Mitla Pass in 1956 Kadesh operation. Please have a look at my other listings.

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War or the First Arab-Israeli War was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states and Palestinian Arab forces. This war was the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war, known in Arabic as al-Nakba Arabic:??????? "The Catastrophe" and in Hebrew as the Milkhemet Ha'atzma'ut Hebrew:????? "War of Independence" or Milkhemet Hashikhrur Hebrew:????? The war was preceded by a period of civil war in the territory of the Mandatory Palestine between Jewish Yishuv forces and Palestinian Arab forces in response to the UN Partition Plan. An alliance of Arab states intervened on the Palestinian side, turning the civil war into a war between sovereign states. The fighting took place mostly on the former territory of the British Mandate and for a short time also in the Sinai Peninsula and southern Lebanon. As a result of the war, the State of Israel kept nearly all the area that had been recommended by the UN General Assembly Resolution 181 and took control of almost 60% of the area allocated to the proposed Arab state, including the Jaffa, Lydda and Ramle area, Galilee, some parts of the Negev, a wide strip along the Tel-Aviv-Jerusalem road, West Jerusalem, and some territories in the West Bank. Transjordan took control of the remainder of the West Bank and East-Jerusalem, and the Egyptian military took control of the Gaza Strip. No Arab Palestinian state was created. Armistice agreements were signed between all belligerents except Iraqis and Palestinians. Important demographic changes occurred in the country. Between 600,000 and 760,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from the area that became Israel and they became Palestinian refugees. The war and the creation of Israel also triggered the Jewish exodus from Arab lands. In the three years following the war, about 700,000 Jews immigrated to Israel, residing mainly along the borders of the State. In the three years following the war, about 700,000 Jews immigrated to Israel, residing mainly along the borders of the State The Israeli Declaration of Independence Hebrew:?????

Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut or Hebrew:????? Megilat HaAtzma'ut, was made on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), the day before the British Mandate was due to expire. David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and the chairman of the Jewis Agency for Palestine declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national holiday Yom Ha'atzmaut Hebrew:??? Independence Day on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar. , "strike force" was the elite fighting force of the Haganah, the underground army of the Yishuv (Jewish community) during the period of the British Mandate for Palestine.

The Palmach was established on 15 May 1941. By the outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War it consisted of over 2,000 men and women in three fighting brigades and auxiliary aerial, naval and intelligence units. With the creation of Israel's army, the three Palmach Brigades were disbanded. This and political reasons compelled many of the senior Palmach officers to resign in 1950. [1] The Palmach contributed significantly to Israeli culture and ethos, well beyond its military contribution. Its members formed the backbone of the Israel Defense Forces high command for many years, and were prominent in Israeli politics, literature and culture.

Contents 1 History 2 Underground 3 Postwar operations 3.1 Retaliation raids 3.2 A change in objectives 3.3 Operation Nachshon 3.4 Mishmar Ha'amek 3.5 Operation Yiftach and the conquest of Safad 3.6 The creation of the Israeli Army 3.7 Casualties 4 Military organization 5 In politics and culture 6 Palmach song 7 Notable Palmachniks 8 Palmach Museum 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External links History[edit] "The German squad" of the Palmach on a training march. The Palmach was established by the Haganah High Command on 14 May 1941. Its aim was to defend the Palestinian Jewish community against two potential threats. Firstly the occupation of Palestine by the Axis in the event of their victory over the British in North Africa.

Secondly, if the British army were to retreat from Palestine, Jewish settlements might come under attack from the Arab population. Yitzhak Sadeh was named as Palmach commander. [2] Initially the group consisted of around one hundred men.

In the early summer of 1941 the British military authorities agreed to joint operations against Vichy French forces in Lebanon and Syria. The first action was a sabotage mission (Operation BOATSWAIN) against oil installations at Tripoli, Lebanon.

[3] Twenty-three Palmach members and a British liaison officer set out by sea but were never heard of again. [4] On 8 June mixed squads of Palmach and Australians began operating in Lebanon and Syria. The success of these operations led the British GHQ to fund a sabotage training camp for three hundred men at Mishmar HaEmek. Since the Palmach consisted of unpaid volunteers, the funding was used to cover the needs of twice that number of men.

[5] When the British ordered the dismantling of Palmach after the Allied victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942, the organization went underground. Underground[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification.

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Beit Keshet, First Palmach outpost, 1944 Since British funding had stopped, Yitzhak Tabenkin, head of the kibbutz union HaKibbutz HaMeuhad, suggested the Palmach could be self-funding by having its members work in the kibbutzim. Each kibbutz would host a Palmach platoon and supply them with food, homes and resources.

In return the platoon would safeguard the kibbutz and carry out work such as agricultural work. [6] The proposal was accepted in August 1942, when it was also decided that each month Palmach members would have eight training days, 14 work days and seven days off. The program of combined military training, agricultural work and Zionist education was called "Hach'shara Meguyeset"????? Later, Zionist youth movements offered members aged of 18-20 an opportunity to join core groups (gar'in) for agricultural settlement that became the basis for the Nahal. Basic training included physical fitness, small arms, mêlée and KAPAP, basic marine training, topography, first aid and squad operations.

Most of the Palmach members received advanced training in one or more of the following areas: sabotage and explosives, reconnaissance, sniping, communications and radio, light and medium machine guns, and operating 2-inch and 3-inch mortars. Platoon training included long marches, combined live-fire drills with artillery support and machine guns and mortars. The Palmach put great emphasis on training independent and broadminded field commanders who would take the initiative and set an example for their troops.

It trained squad commanders and company commanders. The major commanders training course was in the Palmach and many Haganah commanders were sent to be trained in the Palmach. The Palmach commanders' course was the source for many field commanders, who were the backbone of Haganah and, later, the Israel Defense Forces.

Postwar operations[edit] Small arms training of B Company Main article: Jewish insurgency in Palestine For seven months after the assassination of Lord Moyne, members of the Palmach under the command of Shimon Avidan were involved in the Saison Operation, in which they cooperated with the British in an attempt to crush the Irgun and Stern Gang. [7] However, with David Ben-Gurion's decision, 1 October 1945, to launch an armed struggle against the British, the Palmach entered an alliance with the dissident groups, called The Hebrew Resistance Movement.

[8] On 10 October 1945 a force led by Yitzhak Rabin raided the prison at Atlit freeing 208 Jewish prisoners. The first joint operation took place on 31 October 1945 when the Palmach sank three British patrol boats, 2 in Haifa and one in Jaffa, and were involved in 153 bomb attacks on bridges and culverts of the railway system. [9] On the night of 22 February 1946, the Palmach attacked the Police Tegart fort at Shefa-'Amr with a 200-pound bomb; in the firefight that followed, the Palmach suffered casualties. [10] In June 1946 the Palmach blew up ten of the eleven bridges connecting Palestine to its neighbouring countries. Fourteen Palmach members were killed during the attack on Achziv Bridge.

[11][8] The alliance was never completely under Haganah control and the Irgun launched a series of ever more ruthless attacks[12] culminating in the King David Hotel bombing. This attack was the Irgun's response to a British crackdown, "Black Sabbath", launched on 29 June 1946. A combination of the crackdown and the Jewish civilian leadership's outrage at the King David attack led Ben-Gurion to call off further Palmach operations. The one weapon of which there was no shortage was locally produced explosives.

[14] On 20 May 1947 they blew up a coffee house in Fajja, specifically in retaliation for the murder of two Jews in nearby Petah Tikva. [15][16] Following the escalation of violence after the UN Partition Resolution the scale of the retaliation operations increased. On 18 December 1947, in an operation approved by Palmach commander Yigal Allon, several houses were blown up in al-Khisas, near the Lebanese border; a dozen civilians were killed. [17][18] On 31 December 1947 170 men from the Palmach launched an attack on Balad al-Sheikh, Haifa, in retaliation for the killing of 47 Jews at the Haifa oil refinery.

Several dozen houses were destroyed and 60-70 villagers were killed. [19][20] Around Jaffa, Palmach units destroyed houses in Yazur and Salama. An order dated 3 January 1948 said The aim is... To attack northern part of the village of Salama...

To cause deaths, to blow up houses and to burn everything possible. [21] In the Upper Galilee, the Palmach's third Battalion commanded by Moshe Kelman, attacked Sa'sa', 15 February, and blew up ten houses, killing 11 villagers. [22][citation needed] Further north, they raided al-Husayniyya, 16 March 1948, in retaliation for a land mine, they blew up five houses and killed "30 Arab adults". [23][24] In the Northern Negev, 4 April 1948, a Palmach unit in two armoured cars destroyed "nine bedouin lay-bys and one mud hut" after a mine attack on a Jewish Patrol.

[25] During this period, in the event known as the Convoy of 35, the Palmach lost 18 men (along with 17 other Haganah fighters) on their way to reinforce the garrison at Kfar Etzion after they were attacked by hundreds of Arab locals and militias. [26][27] The bodies of the Palmach and Haganah fighters were mutilated to the point that some of them could not be recognized. [28] A change in objectives[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Palmach sappers in the ruins of a village, 1948 On 20 February 1948 the Palmach launched an operation in Caesarea, North of Tel Aviv, in which they demolished 30 houses, six were left standing due to lack of explosives. [citation needed] The objective was to prevent them being occupied by British troops as a base against illegal immigrants. [citation needed] Yitzhak Rabin opposed the attack. Although occupied by Arabs the buildings were Jewish owned. [29][failed verification] With the activation of Plan D and its sub-operations Palmach units were used to demolish villages[citation needed] with the objective of preventing them being used by Palestinian irregulars or the Arab Liberation Army (ALA) as bases. [citation needed] Operation Nachshon[edit] Main article: Operation Nachshon Following the attempt to clear the road to Jerusalem, Palmach units "more or less systematically leveled the villages of al-Qastal, Qalinya, Khuda and largely or partly destroyed Beit Surik, Biddu, Shu'fat, Beit Iksa, Beit Mahsir and Sheikh Jarrah (Jerusalem)". [30][31] On 9 April a Palmach unit with mortars took part in the Irgun attack on Deir Yassin. [32][33] Mishmar Ha'amek[edit] Main article: Battle of Mishmar HaEmek Following the failed ALA attack on the Haganah base at Mishmar Ha'amek, and the Haganah's refusal of an offer of a truce, Haganah and Palmach troops counterattacked.

Between 8 and 14 April, ten villages came under Palmach's control. Within two weeks they were leveled. [34][35] Operation Yiftach and the conquest of Safad[edit] Main article: Operation Yiftach Palmach soldier on guard On 2 May, the Palmach 3rd Battalion, commanded by Moshe Kelman, attacked Ein al-Zeitun with a Davidka, two 3-inch mortars and eight 2-inch mortars. During the following two days Palmach sappers blew up and burned all the houses. [36][37] In the aftermath of the capture of this village Battalion Commander Kelman ordered the execution of seventy prisoners.

[38] On 6 May the Palmach launched an attack on Safad. It failed to capture the citadel and the Palmach had to withdraw.

The defenders offered a cease-fire, which Allon refused. A second attack was launched on 9 May. This was preceded by a "massive concentrated barrage" using mortars and Davidkas.

The empty Arab quarter of Safad was occupied on 11 May. Between 12,000 and 15,000 refugees had been created. [39] The Palmach suffered 69 killed during Operation Yiftah.

[40] In May 1948 the Palmach had 2,200 permanently mobilised members. [41][42][43] A different source puts the size of the Palmach as 3,000 at the end of November 1947, and, following the mobilization of 3,000 reserves, five battalions were formed by May 1948, consisting of 5,000 fighters of whom 1,200 were women.

[44] Palmach units took a major part in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. At the beginning of the war, Palmach units were responsible for holding Jewish settlements (such as Gush Etzion, Kfar Darom and Revivim) against Arab militias. Although inferior in numbers and arms, Palmach soldiers held out long enough to allow the Haganah to mobilise the Jewish population and prepare for war. The creation of the Israeli Army[edit] A Palmach patrol in the Negev The Palmach's last operation as an independent unit was against the Irgun, in the Altalena Affair.

On 22 June 1948 the Irgun moored the Altalena, loaded with weapons, off Tel Aviv. Ben-Gurion ordered the Palmach to prevent the arms being landed.

One member of the Palmach and fourteen members of the Irgun were killed. [45][46] After the establishment of the Israeli army, the Palmach was reorganised into three IDF brigades-the Negev Brigade, the Yiftach Brigade, and the Harel Brigade. The Negev and Yiftah Brigades fought in the Negev against the Egyptian army and managed to stop and later repulse it into the Gaza Strip and Sinai.

The Yiftah Brigade was later transferred to the north. The Harel Brigade was centered on Jerusalem. The merging of the Palmach into the Israeli army involved a series of power struggles with Ben-Gurion, known as The Generals' Revolt. In 1949 many senior members of the Palmach resigned from the army. In total, the Palmach lost 1,187 fighters during the war of independence and in the years prior to Israel's creation.

[47] Casualties[edit] Palmach M4 Sherman tank leading a convoy The Palmach memorial site records 37 deaths of Palmach members between May 1941 and May 1945. Thirty-one are described as killed in action, six were killed while serving in the British Army and six were killed in the "Struggle against the British Government". A further 39 members of the Palmach died between the May 1945 and November 1947. Twenty-one are recorded as killed in action and one killed in battle, fourteen being killed during the attempt to blow up the Achziv Bridge during the Night of the Bridges. Twenty-eight died in the struggle against the British.

Between the beginning of December 1947 and the end of May 1948, when the Israeli army was created, 574 deaths are listed, of whom 524 were killed in action or in battle; 77 while on convoy duty or securing roads; 59 during Operation Yevusi, including 34 at Nabi Samuel; 20 during Operation Nachshon, all at al-Qastal; 68 during Operation Yiftach; 12 at Mishmar HaEmek. By district 171 members of the Palmach were killed in Jerusalem and the surrounding area, 104 in and around Gush Etzion, 103 in the Galilee and 81 in the Negev. From June 1948 to December 1949, during which time the Palmach was absorbed into the army, 527 members died, 452 killed in action or in battle; 101 were killed during Operation Danny, including 45 at Khirbet Kurikur; 53 during Operation Yoav; 44 in Operation Horev and 22 during Operation Death to the Invader. By district 234 died in the Negev and Southern Plain; 62 in Jerusalem and surrounds; 44 around Latrun; 42 in the Gaza Strip and 41 in the Central Plain and Coastal Strip.

By Brigade, 313 members of the Harel Brigade were killed, 312 from the Negev and 274 from the Yiftach. One of the dead is listed as also being a member of the Lechi. The Palmach memorial site records the death of 34 female members, seventeen killed in action or in battle.

Around 520 of the fatalities had been born in Palestine; of whom 117 were from Tel Aviv, 97 from Jerusalem and 56 from Haifa. Over 550 had been born in Europe and Russia; with 181 from Poland, 99 from Germany and 95 from Romania. Another 131 of the dead originated from Arab and Muslim countries; 32 from Turkey, 23 from Syria and 21 from the Yemen. Of the remainder 13 had been born in the USA. Of the dead, 633 were aged between 18 and 22 years, 302 were between 22 and 25, 138 were 26 and over, and 91 were under 18 years of age.

Military organization[edit] The Palmach was organised into regular companies (six in 1943), and five or six special units. Palmach special units included: Women of the Palmach at Ein Gedi, 1942 Palmach sapper preparing explosives under bridge in Wadi Serer, 1948. Negev Beasts Ha-Machlaka Ha-Germanit: the "German Platoon" (aka the Middle East Commando) performed covert operations and sabotage operations against Nazi infrastructure in the Middle East and the Balkans. [48] Ha-Machlaka Ha-Aravit: the "Arab Platoon" performed covert operations and espionage missions against Arab militias, which frequently attacked Jewish settlements. It was the base for the Israeli Defense Forces's and the Israeli Border Police's Mista'arvim units.

Palyam (Sea Companies): the naval force of the Palmach was formed in 1943, attached to the Palmach's Staff Battalion (the 4th Battalion). They were in charge of underwater demolition and maritime activity units. Palavir (The Air Companies): made up of Jewish pilots, the Palmach air force was incorporated into the Sherut Avir (predecessor of the Israeli Air Force) upon the Sherut's foundation in late 1947. First delivered late Feb 1948, these were used by the Palavir's, Tel Aviv, Galilee and Negev Squadrons for supply, reconnaissance and light attack roles.

Sabotage Units: explosives experts who became the basis for the Israeli Engineering Corps in the IDF. The Palmach put an emphasis on training field commanders????? And formed the basis for the Israeli army.

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War the Palmach was expanded to form three infantry brigades commanded by Yigal Allon: Yiftach, with three battalions operating in Eastern Galilee (1st and 3rd and later 2nd) Harel, with three battalions operating (4th, 5th and 10th) in the Jerusalem area commanded by Yitzhak Rabin (then age 26) Negev, with four battalions (2nd, 7th, 8th and 9th), one of which was the jeep mounted "Negev Beasts" The Command Battalion controlled naval, air and commando companies. The battle cry of the Palmach commander was!

" (Aharai), which literally means "after me! It refers to the commander leading his troops instead of sending them out and staying behind. In politics and culture[edit] Yigal Allon, Commander of Southern Front, watches the bombardment of Iraq Suwaydan, 9 November 1948 Members of 3rd Battalion gathered in Safed prior to the dissolution of the Palmach in 1949 The Palmach was a broad spectrum left-wing nationalist organisation, associated with socialist parties. Its members trained and lived in kibbutzim.

The political tendencies of its leaders such as Yigal Allon and Yitzhak Sadeh was towards Mapam, a left-wing party in opposition to David Ben-Gurion and the Mapai ruling party. In 1944 a major split had occurred in Palestine's Jewish community's dominant party, Mapai, led by David Ben-Gurion. The breakaway group, which evolved into Mapam, were inspired by Stalin's regime in the Soviet Union, and had a strong following in the kibbutz movement.

Since most of the Palmach's members came from the kibbutzim, the Mapam dominated the Palmach, with a majority of its officers being members. [49] After 1948 Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of the new state, had a series of confrontations with leaders of the Haganah and the Palmach.

In a process that Ben-Gurion described as de-politicizing the army, the three Palmach brigades were disbanded and in 1950 most of the Mapam officers resigned. Those Palmach members who had been in Mapam and remained in the army had to endure several years on the margins. The effect of the de-politicizing was that all senior army posts were held by Mapai members or Ben-Gurion loyalists. [50] After demobilization many Palmach members founded new kibbutzim. Palmach members were not, however, a unified, homogeneous collective with a single ideology.

In the early years of the state of Israel they could be found in all political parties. Yigal Allon, considered by many to be the representative of the Palmach generation, never reached a position of national leadership although he was Prime Minister for a few days between Eshkol's death and Meir's appointment in 1969. Besides military contributions, the Palmach had great influence over the Israeli "Tzabar" culture. Palmach activities included "Kumzitz" (sitting around a fire at night, eating, talking and having fun), public singing and cross-country walking trips. These often took on mythical proportions and have become favorite activities for Israelis.

The Palmach also contributed many anecdotes, jokes, "chizbat" (short funny tales, often based on exaggerations), songs and even books and stories. Notable Palmach cultural figures include: Yehuda Amichai - poet Dahn Ben-Amotz - writer, journalist Netiva Ben-Yehuda - journalist, writer, radio host Haim Hefer - poet, writer Haim Gouri - poet, writer Shaike Ophir - actor Moshe Shamir - writer, playwright Hannah Szenes (Senesh) - poet Vidal Sassoon - British hairdresser Palmach song[edit] Full text of the song:[51][52] First Stanza????? Though the storm is ever mounting Still our heads remain unbowed.

We are ready to obey all commands, The Palmach will win - we've vowed. From Metulla to the Negev, From the desert to the plain, All our youth defend the homeland, Till we bring it peace again. In the eagle's path we follow, Over mountain tracks we go, Among stony heights and caverns We are seeking out the foe. When you summon us to battle, We will be there first by day or night, We are ready when you give the command, The Palmach will march in might. Ben-Tzur - Palyam commander Shmuel Tankus Shmuel Yanai - Palyam commander Rafael Eitan - 4th Battalion, Company A.

29 October 1925 - 18 September 2012 was a Polish-born Israeli songwriter, poet and writer. He wrote for numerous composers and musical artists, as well as for military bands. Several of his songs, including "Hafinjan" and "Hayu Zmanim", are considered Israeli classics.

He was awarded the Israel Prize in 1983 as recognition for his contributions to Israeli music. Contents 1 Biography 2 Music career 3 Controversy 4 Awards 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Biography[edit] Haim Feiner (later Hefer) was born in Sosnowiec, Poland in 1925 to Jewish parents Issachar Feiner, a chocolate salesman, and Rivka Herzberg, a housewife. He had a private Hebrew tutor. His family immigrated to Palestine in 1936 and settled in Raanana. He began writing at the age of 13, as part of a national contest.

He never finished high school and joined the Palmach in 1943. [1] He took part in smuggling illegal immigrants through Syria and Lebanon. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, he was one of the founders of the Chizbatron, the Palmach army troupe, and was its chief songwriter. [2] Hefer owned a house in Ein Hod, [3] but resided in Tel Aviv. He was married to Ruti Haramati, with whom he had a daughter, Mimi. [4][5] On 18 September 2012 (the second day of Rosh Hashanah, 5773), Hefer died at Sourasky Medical Center in Tel Aviv, after a long illness. [6] Music career[edit] In the 1950s, Hefer and Dahn Ben-Amotz wrote A Bag of Fibs, a collection of tall tales made up in the Palmach, and founded the "Hamam" club in Jaffa. During that time, he founded "Revi'iat Moadon HaTeatron" (Theater Club Quartet). He wrote a weekly column for Yediot Aharonot, which included maqamas on current affairs. [2] A Bag of Fibs achieved cult status in Israel.

[7] He was later made a cultural attache to the Israeli consul in Los Angeles. [8] He wrote for dozens of composers, including Sasha Argov, Moshe Wilensky and Dubi Seltzer. Artists who performed his songs include Arik Lavie, Yehoram Gaon, Shoshana Damari and Yafa Yarkoni, as well as The High Windows and most Israeli military bands.

[2] He wrote lyrics for musicals, including Kazablan and I Like Mike. Many of his songs, such as "Hafinjan" (The Billy Kettle), "Hayu Zmanim" (In Those Days) and "Hamilkhama Ha'achrona" (The Last War) are considered Israeli classics.

He also published several collections of his verses. Shortly before the 1948 war, he wrote a song titled "Between the Borders", about immigration. It included the words "We are here, a defensive shield". In 2002, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched an operation in the West Bank and named it Operation Defensive Shield. [9] Controversy[edit] In 2002, Hefer described Moroccan Jewish culture as inferior to that of the Polish Jews.

He called Aviv Geffen a phony and criticized Yaffa Yarkoni for badmouthing the IDF. [10] His remarks were condemned as racist and criticized by then President of Israel, Moshe Katsav, members of the Moroccan community, and representatives of the Shas Party, [11] as well as Mizrahi musicians such as Margalit Tzan'ani. [10] Hefer made a public apology and wrote a song for singer Zehava Ben.

[12] Awards[edit] In 1983, Hefer was awarded the Israel Prize, for Hebrew song (words), [13] for his contribution to the Music of Israel. [14] In 2008 in Poland was published a book, "Chaim Chefer-Memorable Days"("Chaim Chefer - Pamietne Dni"), the development of the graphic made by Pawel Slota under the artistic supervision of Agnieszka Tyrman. The book was out of admiration and respect for the work of Chaim Chefer in the jubilee year the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel. Also, "Vilensky"; 17 April 1910 - 2 January 1997 was a Polish-Israeli composer, lyricist, and pianist. [1][2][3][4] He is considered a "pioneer of Israeli song" and one of Israel's leading composers, and was a winner of the Israel Prize, the state's highest honor. [5][6] Contents 1 Life 2 Music career 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Life[edit] Wilensky, who was Jewish, was born in Warsaw, Poland, the son of Zelig and Henia (née Liebman). [1][7][8] He studied music at the Warsaw Conservatory in Warsaw, specializing in conducting and composition, and immigrated to Palestine in 1932.

[1][4][7] He married Bertha Yakimovska in 1939. [8] Wilensky died in 1997. [9] Music career[edit] A pianist and composer, Wilensky wrote music for theaters and musical troupes of the Israel Defense Forces, including the Nahal choir in the 1950s. [10] He worked with the Kol Yisrael orchestra. [1] Wilensky's music combines Slavic music and Eastern music.

[1] He composed for films, plays, hora dances, cabaret songs, and children's tunes, writing nearly 1,500 songs in his lifetime. [1][3][4][11][12] Among his songs are "Kalaniyot" ("Anemones"), "Hayu Zmanim" ("In Those Times)", "Autumn, " "Ring Twice and Wait, " "Each Day I Lose, " "The Last Battle", and "Mul Har Sinai" Opposite Mt.

[1][2][6][13][14][15] He wrote music for many of Natan Alterman's poems. [1] In 1962, Israeli Esther Reichstadt won second prize at the Polish international song festival, which Wilensky hosted, with his song "Autumn".

[16] In 1983, Wilensky was awarded the Israel Prize, for Hebrew song (melody). [1][17] In 1990, a special concert in honor of his 80th birthday was given by the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. [6] In 1998, the Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers in Israel (ACUM) named its Song of the Year Award the "Moshe Wilensky Prize".